A planer is a linear motion machine that uses a planer to plan the plane, groove or forming surface of a workpiece. With a planer, the tools are simple, but the productivity is low (except for long and narrow planes), so it is mainly used for single-piece, small batch production and machine repair workshops, and is often replaced by milling machines in large batch production.
There are many types and types of planers. According to its structural characteristics, it can be roughly divided into: Shaper The bull’s head planer is a planer used to plan small and medium-sized workpieces, and the working length generally does not exceed 1m. The workpiece is clamped on the adjustable workbench or clamped on the workbench, and the planing process is performed by using the linear reciprocating motion of the planer (cutting motion) and the intermittent movement of the table (feeding motion). According to the length of the workpiece that can be processed, the bull’s head planer can be divided into three types: large, medium, and small: small bull’s head planers can process workpieces up to 400mm in length; medium-sized bull’s head planers can process workpieces with lengths of 400 to 600mm; large bullhead planers can Processing of workpieces with a length of 400 ~ 1000mm.
Gantry planer It is a planer used to plan large workpieces. Some gantry planers can process workpieces with a length of tens of meters or more, and the productivity is relatively high. Gantry planer uses the direct reciprocating motion (cutting) of the table and intermittent movement (feeding motion) of the planer to perform the planing process. According to the different structural forms, the planer is divided into a single-arm gantry planer and a two-arm column gantry. Two planers. Gantry planer mainly processes large workpieces or multiple workpieces at the same time. Compared with the bull’s head planer, from the structural point of view, its shape is large, the structure is complex, and the rigidity is good. From the perspective of the machine tool movement, the main motion of the planer is the linear reciprocating motion of the table, while the feed motion is the horizontal or Vertical intermittent motion, which is just the opposite of the motion of a bull’s-head planer.
slotting machine Slotting machine is also called vertical planer, which is mainly used to process the inner surface of the workpiece. Its structure is almost the same as that of a bull’s head planer. The main difference is that the cutting tool of the insertion machine performs a linear reciprocating motion (cutting motion) in the vertical direction. In addition to the intermittent feed motion in the vertical and horizontal directions, the table can also be used in Intermittent rotary feed motion is performed on the circular room. According to the different transmission methods, there are two types of planers: mechanical transmission and hydraulic transmission: bull’s head planers, gantry planers and slotting machines with mechanical transmission; hydraulically-driven planers and slotting machines.
Good versatility It can process vertical and horizontal planes, as well as T-slots, V-slots, and dovetail slots.
Low productivity Reciprocating motion, large inertia, limited speed, single machining, but the narrow and long surface is not lower than milling.
Processing accuracy is not high IT8 ～ 7, Ra is 1.6 ～ 6.3μm, but on a planer with a wide blade, Ra is 0.4 ～ 0.8μm.