The tool is a tool used for cutting in mechanical manufacturing, also known as a cutting tool. Most of the knives are machine-based, but there are also manual ones. Since the tools used in machine manufacturing are basically used for cutting metal materials, the term “tool” is generally understood as a metal cutting tool. Wood cutting tools are called woodworking tools. There is also a special type of tool used for geological exploration, well drilling, and mine drilling, called mine tools.
Cutting tools can be divided into five categories according to the form of the workpiece’s processing surface: tools for processing various external surfaces include turning tools, planers, milling cutters, external surface broaches and files, etc .; hole processing tools include drills, reamers, boring tools, Reamers and internal surface broaches, etc .; thread processing tools include taps, dies, automatic opening and closing thread cutting heads, thread turning tools and thread milling cutters; gear processing tools include hobs, shapers, shavers, bevel gears And broach, etc .; cutting tools include insert circular saw blades, band saws, bow saws, cutting turning tools and saw blade milling cutters, etc. In addition, there are combination tools. According to the cutting motion and the corresponding blade shape, the tools can be divided into three categories: universal tools such as turning tools, planers, milling cutters (excluding forming turning tools, forming planers and forming milling cutters), boring tools, drills, and expansion tools. Hole drills, reamers, saws, etc .; The edges of tools such as forming tools have the same or nearly the same shape as the cross-section of the workpiece being processed, such as forming turning tools, forming planers, forming milling cutters, broaches, tapered reamer and various Thread processing tools, etc .; special tools for special workpieces, such as gears, splines, etc. Such as gear cutters, shavers, bevel gear planers and bevel gear milling cutters.
The product has high high temperature hardness and wear resistance, necessary bending strength, impact toughness and chemical inertness, good processability (cutting, forging and heat treatment, etc.), and it is not easy to deform. Generally, when the hardness of the material is high, the wear resistance is also high; when the bending strength is high, the impact toughness is also high. However, the higher the hardness of the material, the lower its bending strength and impact toughness. Because of its high bending strength and impact toughness, as well as good machinability, modern high-speed steel is still the most widely used tool material, followed by cemented carbide. Polycrystalline cubic boron nitride is suitable for cutting high-hardness hardened steel and hard cast iron; polycrystalline diamond is suitable for cutting non-ferrous metals, and alloys, plastics and glass steel; carbon tool steel and alloy tool steel are only used as Tools such as files, dies and taps. Cemented carbide indexable inserts have been coated with titanium carbide, titanium nitride, alumina hard layers or composite hard layers by chemical vapor deposition. The physical vapor deposition method under development can be used not only for carbide tools, but also for high-speed steel tools such as drills, hobs, taps, and milling cutters. The hard coating acts as a barrier against chemical diffusion and heat conduction, which reduces the wear speed of the tool during cutting, and the life of the coated insert is about 1 to 3 times longer than that of the uncoated one.