An oil storage tank is a container for storing oil. The main facilities of the oil depot. In pipeline transportation, it is the oil source interface of the oil pipeline. According to the characteristics of the building, it can be divided into above-ground oil tanks, underground oil tanks and cave oil tanks. Above-ground oil tanks should generally be used for transfer oil depots, distribution oil depots, and enterprise auxiliary oil depots, while strategic storage oil depots and military oil depots often use cave oil tanks, underground oil tanks, and semi-underground oil tanks. According to the material can be divided into two categories of non-metallic oil tanks and metal oil tanks. Non-metallic tanks include reinforced concrete tanks, oil-resistant rubber soft tanks, glass steel tanks, and plastic tanks used in military field depots. Metal oil tanks can be divided into three types: vertical cylindrical, horizontal cylindrical and spherical. Metal oil tanks are widely used because of their low cost, not easy to leak, convenient construction, and easy maintenance.
Metal oil tank Metal oil tanks are containers made of steel sheet material. The plate used for ordinary metal oil tanks is an open-hearth boiling steel code called Q235-AF; Q235-A open-hearth killed steel is used in cold regions; high-strength low-alloy steel is used for large-capacity oil tanks exceeding 10000m3. Common metal oil tank shapes are generally vertical cylindrical, horizontal cylindrical, and spherical. Vertical cylindrical oil tanks can be further divided into truss top tanks, momentless top tanks, beam-column top tanks, vaulted tanks, sleeve top tanks and floating roof tanks according to the structure of the roof. Cans and floating roof cans. The vaulted tank structure is relatively simple and is often used to store raw oil, refined oil and aromatic products. Floating roof tanks are divided into inner floating roof tanks and outer floating roof tanks. The steel floating roof in the tank floats on the oil surface and rises and falls with the oil surface. The floating roof not only reduces oil consumption, but also reduces the risk of fire and pollution of the atmosphere. In particular, the inner floating roof tank has less evaporation loss, which can reduce the oxidation of oil by air and ensure the quality of stored oil, which is more beneficial to fire protection. The front inner floating roof tank is widely used at home and abroad to store volatile light oil products, and it is a popular oil storage tank. Horizontal cylindrical tanks are also extremely versatile. Because it has the ability to withstand high positive and negative pressures, it is conducive to reducing the evaporation loss of oil products and reducing the risk of fire. It can be manufactured in batches in machinery and then shipped to the construction site for easy handling and demolition, and has good mobility. The disadvantage is that the capacity is generally small, the number of uses is large, and the area is large. It is suitable for small distribution oil depots, rural oil depots, urban gas stations, military field oil depots or enterprise-affiliated oil depots. It is also used as an auxiliary oil tank in large oil depots, such as emptying tanks and metering tanks. Spherical oil tanks have the characteristics of pressure resistance and material saving. They are mostly used in petroleum liquefied gas systems and also used as high-pressure solvent storage tanks.
Non-metal There are many types of non-metallic oil tanks, including earth oil tanks, brick oil tanks, stone masonry tanks, reinforced concrete tanks, glass steel tanks, oil-resistant rubber tanks, and so on. Stone-built oil tanks and brick-built oil tanks are widely used, and are often used to store crude oil and heavy oil. The biggest advantages of this type of oil tank are that it saves steel, has good corrosion resistance, and has a long service life. The non-metallic material has a small thermal conductivity. When crude oil or light oil is stored, the temperature change in the tank is small, which can reduce evaporation loss and reduce the risk of fire. And because non-metallic tanks generally have greater rigidity and can withstand larger external pressure, it is suitable to build underground or semi-underground oil tanks, which is conducive to concealment and thermal insulation. However, once the foundation subsidence occurs, the oil tank is easily broken and difficult to repair. Another major disadvantage is leakage. Although it has been treated with anti-seepage before use, the anti-seepage technology has not been completely solved.
Underground oil tank An underground oil tank refers to an oil tank whose maximum oil level in the tank is lower than the lowest elevation of the adjacent area by 0.2 m, and the thickness of the soil on the top of the tank is not less than 0.5 m. This type of oil tank has low loss and low risk of fire.
Semi-underground The semi-underground oil tank refers to the oil tank whose buried depth exceeds half of the tank height, and the highest oil level in the oil tank is not higher than the lowest elevation of the adjacent area by 2m.
Above ground tank Above-ground oil tanks refer to oil tanks whose oil tank foundation is higher than or equal to the lowest elevation of the adjacent area, or oil tanks whose buried depth is less than half of their height. Above-ground oil tanks are a type of oil tanks commonly used in oil refineries. They are easy to construct, easy to manage and maintain, but have large evaporation losses and a high risk of fire.